Logic

 The study of logic is right reasoning. This covers both formal as well as informal logic. The term "formal logic" refers to the science of inductively valid reasoning and logical truths. It is a formal field of study investigating how conclusions follow from premises in a topic-neutral way. The term"logic" is employed as a countable noun. It refers to the formal logic system that provides proof systems. Formal logic is different from informal logic. Informal logic is associated with argumentation theory, mistakes and critical thinking. While there is no general agreement on the way formal and informal logic are to be distinguished, one common method is to connect their distinction with the fact that arguments studied are expressed in formal or informal languages. Logic is an essential component in many areas, including mathematics, philosophy, and linguistics. It studies arguments that comprise a set or preconditions and an end. Premises and conclusions are usually described as sentences or as propositions and are characterized by their internal structure.